Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change By Ira Shor

"In a curriculum that encourages, student questioning, the teacher
must avoid, a unilateral transfer of knowledge. She or he helps students' develop
their intellectual and emotional powers to examine their learning
in school, their everyday experience, and the conditions in society. Empowered
students make meaning and act from reflection, instead of
memorizing facts and value, handed to them."
This defines what true learning can develop from. A traditional pedagogy requires students to sit, listen and take in information that is expected to form an impact on the student. When a student can challenge information and teaching in the right way and form connections with material in class they form a better understanding of the curriculum and it will stay with them for a lifetime.  

"School funding is another political dimension of education, because more money has always been invested in the education of upper-class
children and elite collegians than has been spent on students from
lower-income homes and in community colleges, Moreover. testing policies are political choices, whether to use student- centered, multicultural, and portfolio assessments or to use teacher-centered tests or
standardized exams in which women and minorities have traditionally scored lower than men and whites"
This quote from the texts reminds me of the beginning of class when we learned about the culture of power. I believe that the traditional pedagogy was created by the culture of power to help guarantee success for those specific individuals and hold back the other individuals who were not a part of that culture. As time went on, the creation of this culture was forgotten in the sense that it was intended and instead of trying to implement a new pedagogy we became ignorant to the very means that it was intended. To hold back the other cultures and make it harder for them to succeed in the academic and professional world. 

"The educator cannot start with knowledge already organized and proceeded to go out in doses. Anything which can be called a study whether arithmetic, history, geography, or one of the natural sciences must be derived from materials which at the outset fall within the scope of ordinary life experience.
When education is based in theory and practice upon experience, it goes without saying that the organized subject matter of the adult and the specialist cannot
provide the starting point. Nevertheless, it represents the goal toward
which education should continuously move."
This part from the text discusses the traditional pedagogy again and describes the relay of information to be unhelpful to the student when they cannot relate it to their own personal experience. When education holds relevance to the student it is instilled in them in a relatable way in which they value the information to real world practical relevance. 

Here is a video to speaker Donald Clark who describes that there has been more of a change in pedagogy in classrooms in the last 10 years than the last THOUSAND years.